Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular condition that occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits known as plaque. This process, called atherosclerosis, can reduce blood flow to the heart and affect its ability to function efficiently. Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of heart-related complications worldwide and may significantly impact overall health if left untreated. At Park Hospitals, advanced cardiac diagnostics, specialized cardiology services, and comprehensive heart care programs support the early detection and effective management of coronary artery disease to improve cardiovascular health and patient outcomes.

Several factors can contribute to the development of coronary artery disease. High cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, and chronic stress are among the most common risk factors. Increasing age, a family history of heart disease, and certain genetic factors may also increase an individual's likelihood of developing the condition.

Symptoms may vary depending on the extent of arterial narrowing and the amount of blood flow reaching the heart muscle. Some individuals may not experience symptoms during the early stages of the disease. As the condition progresses, common symptoms can include chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and reduced exercise tolerance. In some cases, a heart attack may be the first indication of underlying coronary artery disease.

If left untreated, coronary artery disease can lead to serious complications such as heart attack, heart failure, abnormal heart rhythms, and sudden cardiac arrest. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the risk of these potentially life-threatening events and preserve heart function.

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive cardiovascular evaluation along with electrocardiograms (ECG), echocardiography, stress testing, blood investigations, CT coronary angiography, and conventional coronary angiography when required. These assessments help specialists evaluate blood flow to the heart and determine the severity of arterial blockages.

Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and the individual's overall health. Management may include lifestyle modifications, medications to control cholesterol and blood pressure, and procedures such as angioplasty with stent placement or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in more advanced cases.

With experienced cardiologists, advanced cardiac imaging technology, and comprehensive cardiovascular care services, Park Hospitals provides personalized treatment and long-term management for patients with coronary artery disease. Early diagnosis and timely intervention can help improve heart function, reduce complications, and support healthier long-term cardiovascular outcomes.