Angioplasty may be recommended when a coronary artery is significantly narrowed or blocked and improving blood flow is appropriate. It may be considered when chest pain caused by reduced blood flow does not improve adequately with medicines and lifestyle changes, when symptoms are worsening or when blood flow needs to be restored quickly during a heart attack. The cardiologist considers the severity and location of the blockage, symptoms, heart function and overall health before recommending angioplasty or another treatment.

Coronary angiography is an imaging test used to identify narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. A thin catheter is inserted into a blood vessel, usually through the wrist or groin, and guided towards the heart. Contrast dye is then injected through the catheter while X-ray images are taken. The dye makes the coronary arteries visible, allowing the cardiologist to assess blood flow and identify blockages. If appropriate, angioplasty and stenting may sometimes be performed during the same catheter-based procedure.

Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a catheter and a small balloon to widen a narrowed or blocked coronary artery. A stent is often placed to help keep the artery open. Bypass surgery, also called coronary artery bypass grafting, is an operation that creates a new route for blood to flow around a blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body. The choice depends on the number, location and severity of blockages and the patient's overall health.

Common minimally invasive cardiac procedures include coronary angioplasty and stent placement to open narrowed arteries. Cardiac catheterization may also be used to evaluate heart pressures and blood flow. Depending on the condition, catheter-based treatments can include balloon valvuloplasty for certain narrowed valves, transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and procedures to close certain congenital heart defects. The procedure recommended depends on the specific heart condition, diagnostic findings and the patient's overall health.

Preparation depends on the reason for the procedure and your medical history. Your healthcare team will review your medicines, allergies and existing health conditions and may ask you not to eat or drink for several hours beforehand. Your blood pressure, pulse and heart rhythm are checked before the procedure. The catheter insertion area is cleaned and numbed, and medicines may be given to help you relax. Follow your hospital's instructions regarding medicines, food, fluids and transportation after the procedure.

Ask why the procedure is being recommended, what it is expected to achieve and whether medicines or another treatment could be considered instead. You can also ask about the procedure itself, possible benefits and risks, preparation, recovery and how long you may need to stay in the hospital. If angioplasty is planned, ask whether a stent may be required and what medicines you will need afterwards. Understanding your options can help you make an informed decision with your cardiologist.